Reconstructing the Fluid–Structure Interaction of an Earthquake-Triggered LP-Gas Deflagration and Progressive Collapse in a Two-Storey Shopping Mall in Kumamoto, Japan, on 28 July 2026

On 28 July 2026, approximately 80 minutes after the Mj 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake (maximum JMA seismic intensity 7), a large gas explosion destroyed part of a two-storey steel-frame shopping mall in Kashima Town, Kumamoto, Japan. Seven fatalities had been reported as of 30 July 2026.